final divorce

כָּרַת(b. h.; cmp. כָּרָה) 1) to cut. Num. R. s. 16 ונקרא אשכול … לִכְרוֹתוכ׳ and he (Abrahams ally) was named Eshkol (Cluster), on account of the cluster of grapes which the Israelites were destined to cut in his home.Esp. to cut genitals, mutilate. Bekh.33b נותק אחר כּוֹרֵת, v. נָתַק.Part. pass. כָּרוּת. Ib.; a. fr.כְּ׳ שפכה one that is mutilated at his membrum, v. שָׁפַךְ. Tosef.Yeb.XI, 2. Yeb.VIII, 2; a. fr. 2) (to draw a circle, place outside, cmp. meanings of חרם, ברי, to cut off, excommunicate, v. כָּרֵת. Y.Bicc.II, beg.64c; Y.Snh.XI, 30b צא … עונשין וכוֹרְתִים deduct twenty years up to which age the divine court neither punishes nor decrees excision. 3) to separate, divorce; to make final. Gitt.21b; Succ.24b (ref. to Deut. 24:3) ספר כּוֹרְתָהּוכ׳ the delivery of the deed divorces her and nothing else does. Ib. דבר הכּוֹרֵת בינו לבינה something (a condition) which (if fulfilled) severs definitely the connection between him and her (e. g. a condition that she will drink no wine for the next thirty days, after the lapse of which time the letter of divorce takes its effect retroactively, opp. to a condition that she will abstain from wine all the rest of her life in which case the letter of divorce cannot take effect).Part. pass. כָּרוּת definite. Y.Gitt.VII, 48d כגט כ׳ הוא it is like a final divorce (taking effect immediately); Y.B. Bath.VIII, 16c top כ׳ הוא. Y.Gitt.III, 44d top; IX, 50b bot. זה כ׳ לשמה ווה כ׳ לשמה (not זו) this letter was definitely made out for this woman, and so was the other for the other woman. Ib. III, beg.44c אלא שלא הי׳ לה כ׳ … ראשונה (strike out לה); a. fr. 3) to decide, make final. Ber.4a; Snh.16b (ref. to כְּרֵתִי as a symbolical name for the Urim and Tummim, or for the Sanhedrin) שכּוֹרְתִים את דבריהם they give definite and precise decisions; Midr. Till. to Ps. 3 כּוֹרְתֵי כריתות, v. כְּרִיתָה; a. e.כ׳ בְּרִית (v. בְּרִית) to covenant, make a firm promise. Gen. R. s. 44 כָּרַתָּ ב׳ עםוכ׳ thou hast promised to Noah that thou wilt not destroy his descendants; Yalk. Gen. 76 כָּרַתָּה.Part. pass. כָּרוּת, f. כְּרוּתָה. M. Kat. 18a, a. fr. ברית כ׳ לשפתים, v. בְּרִית. R. Hash 17b ב׳ כ׳ לי״ג מדזתוכ׳ there is a solemn insurance given that the invocation of the thirteen divine attributes (Ex. 34:6, sq.) will never be without effect (ref. to Ex. ib. 10).Trnsf. ב׳ כ׳ it is a necessity, unavoidable. Nidd.58b ב׳ כ׳ לו שכלוכ׳ whoever crushes it cannot help smelling it. Nif. נִכְרַת 1) to be cut, mutilated. Yeb.VIII, 2 (expl. כרות שפכה, Deut. 23:2) כלשנ׳ הגיד when the membrum is mutilated. Ib. 75b נִכְרְתוּ ביצים when the testicles are cut out; a. fr. 2) to be covenanted. Sot.37b שלא נִכְרְתוּ עליהוכ׳ upon which were not closed forty eight covenants; Tosef. ib. VIII, 11; a. fr. 3) to be cut off, destroyed. Y.Peah I, 15d bot. (ref. to Num. 15:31) מלמד שהנפש נִכְרָתָה ועונה בה which intimates that (the idolaters) soul is cut off (through premature death, כָּרֵת), while her guilt remains with her (unexpiated by death); Snh.64b (ref. to the emphasized expression הכרת תכ׳, Num. l. c.) הִכָּרֵת בעו״הזוכ׳ hiccareth refers to this world ; a. fr.Verbal noun הִיכָּרֵת, v. כָּרֵת. Hif. הִכְרִית to destroy, exterminate. Tanḥ. Reh 7 והַכְרִיתֵם and exterminate them. Ib. כשיַכְרִיתוכ׳ when the Lord … shall have destroyed …, you will enter. Tosef.Snh.IV, 5 להַכְרִית זרעווכ׳ to exterminate the seed of Amalek; a. fr. Pi. כֵּרֵת to doom to destruction. Arakh.15b שכבר כֵּרְתוֹוכ׳ for David has doomed him (ref. to Ps. 12:4); Yalk. Lev. 559.

כָּרַת(b. h.; cmp. כָּרָה) 1) to cut. Num. R. s. 16 ונקרא אשכול … לִכְרוֹתוכ׳ and he (Abrahams ally) was named Eshkol (Cluster), on account of the cluster of grapes which the Israelites were destined to cut in his home.Esp. to cut genitals, mutilate. Bekh.33b נותק אחר כּוֹרֵת, v. נָתַק.Part. pass. כָּרוּת. Ib.; a. fr.כְּ׳ שפכה one that is mutilated at his membrum, v. שָׁפַךְ. Tosef.Yeb.XI, 2. Yeb.VIII, 2; a. fr. 2) (to draw a circle, place outside, cmp. meanings of חרם, ברי, to cut off, excommunicate, v. כָּרֵת. Y.Bicc.II, beg.64c; Y.Snh.XI, 30b צא … עונשין וכוֹרְתִים deduct twenty years up to which age the divine court neither punishes nor decrees excision. 3) to separate, divorce; to make final. Gitt.21b; Succ.24b (ref. to Deut. 24:3) ספר כּוֹרְתָהּוכ׳ the delivery of the deed divorces her and nothing else does. Ib. דבר הכּוֹרֵת בינו לבינה something (a condition) which (if fulfilled) severs definitely the connection between him and her (e. g. a condition that she will drink no wine for the next thirty days, after the lapse of which time the letter of divorce takes its effect retroactively, opp. to a condition that she will abstain from wine all the rest of her life in which case the letter of divorce cannot take effect).Part. pass. כָּרוּת definite. Y.Gitt.VII, 48d כגט כ׳ הוא it is like a final divorce (taking effect immediately); Y.B. Bath.VIII, 16c top כ׳ הוא. Y.Gitt.III, 44d top; IX, 50b bot. זה כ׳ לשמה ווה כ׳ לשמה (not זו) this letter was definitely made out for this woman, and so was the other for the other woman. Ib. III, beg.44c אלא שלא הי׳ לה כ׳ … ראשונה (strike out לה); a. fr. 3) to decide, make final. Ber.4a; Snh.16b (ref. to כְּרֵתִי as a symbolical name for the Urim and Tummim, or for the Sanhedrin) שכּוֹרְתִים את דבריהם they give definite and precise decisions; Midr. Till. to Ps. 3 כּוֹרְתֵי כריתות, v. כְּרִיתָה; a. e.כ׳ בְּרִית (v. בְּרִית) to covenant, make a firm promise. Gen. R. s. 44 כָּרַתָּ ב׳ עםוכ׳ thou hast promised to Noah that thou wilt not destroy his descendants; Yalk. Gen. 76 כָּרַתָּה.Part. pass. כָּרוּת, f. כְּרוּתָה. M. Kat. 18a, a. fr. ברית כ׳ לשפתים, v. בְּרִית. R. Hash 17b ב׳ כ׳ לי״ג מדזתוכ׳ there is a solemn insurance given that the invocation of the thirteen divine attributes (Ex. 34:6, sq.) will never be without effect (ref. to Ex. ib. 10).Trnsf. ב׳ כ׳ it is a necessity, unavoidable. Nidd.58b ב׳ כ׳ לו שכלוכ׳ whoever crushes it cannot help smelling it. Nif. נִכְרַת 1) to be cut, mutilated. Yeb.VIII, 2 (expl. כרות שפכה, Deut. 23:2) כלשנ׳ הגיד when the membrum is mutilated. Ib. 75b נִכְרְתוּ ביצים when the testicles are cut out; a. fr. 2) to be covenanted. Sot.37b שלא נִכְרְתוּ עליהוכ׳ upon which were not closed forty eight covenants; Tosef. ib. VIII, 11; a. fr. 3) to be cut off, destroyed. Y.Peah I, 15d bot. (ref. to Num. 15:31) מלמד שהנפש נִכְרָתָה ועונה בה which intimates that (the idolaters) soul is cut off (through premature death, כָּרֵת), while her guilt remains with her (unexpiated by death); Snh.64b (ref. to the emphasized expression הכרת תכ׳, Num. l. c.) הִכָּרֵת בעו״הזוכ׳ hiccareth refers to this world ; a. fr.Verbal noun הִיכָּרֵת, v. כָּרֵת. Hif. הִכְרִית to destroy, exterminate. Tanḥ. Reh 7 והַכְרִיתֵם and exterminate them. Ib. כשיַכְרִיתוכ׳ when the Lord … shall have destroyed …, you will enter. Tosef.Snh.IV, 5 להַכְרִית זרעווכ׳ to exterminate the seed of Amalek; a. fr. Pi. כֵּרֵת to doom to destruction. Arakh.15b שכבר כֵּרְתוֹוכ׳ for David has doomed him (ref. to Ps. 12:4); Yalk. Lev. 559.

כְּרִיתוּתf. (b. h. כְּרִיתֻת; preced.) final divorce. Sifré Deut. 269 (ref. to Deut. 24:1) שיהא כורת מכאן … אין זה כ׳ he most make the thing final, from this we derive that if a man says, this is thy letter of divorce under the condition that thou wilt never go …, this is no final (valid) divorce; Gitt.83b. Tosef. ib. IX (VII), 1; a. fr.Gitt. l. c.; ib. 21b; Succ.24b, a. e. כרת כ׳ the legal deduction from the use of the word כריתות (Deut. l. c.) where the word כָּרֵת might have been used.

כְּרִיתוּתf. (b. h. כְּרִיתֻת; preced.) final divorce. Sifré Deut. 269 (ref. to Deut. 24:1) שיהא כורת מכאן … אין זה כ׳ he most make the thing final, from this we derive that if a man says, this is thy letter of divorce under the condition that thou wilt never go …, this is no final (valid) divorce; Gitt.83b. Tosef. ib. IX (VII), 1; a. fr.Gitt. l. c.; ib. 21b; Succ.24b, a. e. כרת כ׳ the legal deduction from the use of the word כריתות (Deut. l. c.) where the word כָּרֵת might have been used.

כְּרַתch. same, esp. to separate, divorce. Gitt.21b, a. fr. עידי מסירה כַּרְתֵי it is the witnesses of delivery (in whose presence the deed of divorce is handed to the wife) that effect the divorce (and the signature of the witnesses is unessential); opp. to עידי חתימה כרתי it is the signing witnesses Imper. כְּרוֹת (only in) כ׳ גיטא make the divorce final, definite (v. preced.). Ib. 9a היינו טעמא משום דלאו כ׳ ג׳ היא the reason (that the manumission of the slave is not lawful) is because the form was not in compliance with the rule, ‘make the divorce definite; B. Bath. 150b.

כְּרַתch. same, esp. to separate, divorce. Gitt.21b, a. fr. עידי מסירה כַּרְתֵי it is the witnesses of delivery (in whose presence the deed of divorce is handed to the wife) that effect the divorce (and the signature of the witnesses is unessential); opp. to עידי חתימה כרתי it is the signing witnesses Imper. כְּרוֹת (only in) כ׳ גיטא make the divorce final, definite (v. preced.). Ib. 9a היינו טעמא משום דלאו כ׳ ג׳ היא the reason (that the manumission of the slave is not lawful) is because the form was not in compliance with the rule, ‘make the divorce definite; B. Bath. 150b.

כְּרִיתָהf. (כָּרַת) 1) cutting of genitals, mutilation. Yeb.75b, v. שָׁפַךְ. 2) divorce by meant of a deed (סֵפֶר כְּרִיתוּת). Gitt.10b והא לאו בני כ׳ נינהו but they (the gentiles) are not subject to the Jewish mode of divorce (how, then, can they act as judges in divorce cases)? 3) (sub. ברית) the making of a covenant.Pl. כְּרִיתוֹת. Tosef.Sot.VIII, 10; 11 ed. Zuck., v. בְּרִית. 4) = כָּרֵת excision. Macc.III, 15, v. כָּרֵת.Pl. כְּרִיתוֹת, v. כָּרֵת. 5) decision. Pl. as ab. Midr. Till. to Ps. 3 (ref. to כרתי, 2 Sam. 15:18) כורתי כ׳ (ed. Bub. בריתות) those who pass (final) decisions.

כְּרִיתָהf. (כָּרַת) 1) cutting of genitals, mutilation. Yeb.75b, v. שָׁפַךְ. 2) divorce by meant of a deed (סֵפֶר כְּרִיתוּת). Gitt.10b והא לאו בני כ׳ נינהו but they (the gentiles) are not subject to the Jewish mode of divorce (how, then, can they act as judges in divorce cases)? 3) (sub. ברית) the making of a covenant.Pl. כְּרִיתוֹת. Tosef.Sot.VIII, 10; 11 ed. Zuck., v. בְּרִית. 4) = כָּרֵת excision. Macc.III, 15, v. כָּרֵת.Pl. כְּרִיתוֹת, v. כָּרֵת. 5) decision. Pl. as ab. Midr. Till. to Ps. 3 (ref. to כרתי, 2 Sam. 15:18) כורתי כ׳ (ed. Bub. בריתות) those who pass (final) decisions.

נָגַע(b. h.) 1) to touch; to strike; to injure (with ב of object). Sabb.13b. Num. R. s. 14 אילו נ׳ באשתוכ׳ if he touched Potifars wife. Ib. (ref. to Koh. 8:5) שלא נ׳ בו הדבר the thing (the speech of the chief butler) did not harm him, v. נִגְעָה. Y.Peah VIII, 21a bot., a. e. נָגְעוּ בה, v. מַכָּה. Y.Yeb.I, end, 13b לא היוב״ש נוֹגְעִין בו the Shammaites would not take up the ease; a. v. fr.נוֹגֵעַ בעדות an interested witness. Snh.34a דמיחזי כנ׳ בעדותו he has the appearance of an interested witness. B. Bath.43a top אמאי נוֹגְעִין בעדותן הן why are they admitted to testify? Are they not interested witnesses? Kidd.43b; a. fr. 2) (v. Hif.) to arrive, to come to pass. Gen. R. s. 84 שעתידין הדברים לִיגַּע for these things (which Joseph dreamt) shall come to pass; Yalk. ib. 141. Hif. הִגִּיעַ 1) to reach; to become the property of; to obtain; to cause to reach. B. Mets. X, 5 הִגִּיעוּךָ they shall be thine. Arakh.VIII, 1; 3 (27a, sq.) הִגִּיעָתְךָ it is thine (Bab. ed. הִגַּעְתִּיךָ I let thee have it), i. e. thy offer is accepted; Tosef. ib. IV, 20 הִגַּעְתָּהוּ thou hast acquired it. Tosef.B. Bath.VI, 7, a. e. הִגִּיעוֹ it is his, i. e. he must pay for it. Y.Erub.III, 21a bot., a. e. הִגִּיעוּךָ סוף thou hast been made to reach the final conclusion, i. e. thou must admit, v. חָוַר. Ber.IX, 3 (54a) שהחינו וקיימנו והִגִּיעָנוּ לזמן הזה (Mish. ed. only שהחינו) who hast granted us life and sustenance and suffered us to reach this period. Pes.X, 6 כן … יַגִּיעֵנוּוכ׳ so may He allow us to reach ; a. v. fr.הַגַּע עצמך put thyself in the position, i. e. suppose. Y.Gitt.III, 44d, v. זָוַג; a. fr. 2) to arrive, to come to pass; to concern. Gen. R. l. c. שתחיית המתים מַגַּעַת בימיו that the resurrection of the dead will come to pass in his days. Ib. שהדברים מַגִּיעִים לבלההוכ׳ that these things concern Bilhah. Gitt.VIII, 3 כיון שה׳ לאוירוכ׳ as soon as the letter of divorce reaches the space over the roof. Ib. VII, 7 ה׳ לאנטיפטריס if he came as far as Antipatris. Num. R. s. 5 שלא יַגִּיעַ לכם כשם שה׳וכ׳ that the same may not happen to you as happened to the sons of Aaron. Ned.VIII, 2 עד שיגיע until the time (Passover) comes, opp. עד שיצא until it is passed; a. fr.Tosef.Toh.VI, 14 ומשהגיע, v. יָגַע. Hof. הוּגָּע to be brought to a condition. Zeb.88a, sq. הוּגְּעוּ למים Rashi (ed. במים, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 2) if they have come to such a condition as to need washing in water; הוגעו לנתר ואהל if they need cleansing with natron and aloes; (Yalk. Ex. 381 הוּגְעֲלוּ במים if they can be cleansed with, v. גָּעַל). Pi. נִיגֵּעַ (denom. of נֶגַע) to afflict with leprosy.Part. pass. מְנוּגָּע; f. מְנוּגַּעַת; pl. מְנוּגָּעִים; מְנוּגָּעוֹת. Neg. XIII, 9 מי שנכנס לבית המ׳ he who enters a house which is unclean on account of leprosy in the walls. Erub. VIII, 2 חצייה לבית המנ׳ half the time (required for consuming it) is the measure for the stay in a leprous house. Tosef.Neg.VI, 1 בית המנ׳ לא היהוכ׳ a case of a leprous house has never occurred Ib. אבנים מנ׳ stones from a leprous house; Snh.71a; a. e. Nithpa. נִתְנַגֵּעַ to be afflicted with leprosy. Ker.II, 3 מצורעשנ׳ נגעים הרבה a leper that had several attacks in succession (before being purified from the first); Tosef.Neg.IX, 7. Tosef.B. Mets. VIII, 30 המשכיר … וניתנ׳ if one rented a house to his neighbor, and it became leprous; Arakh.20b; a. fr.

נָגַע(b. h.) 1) to touch; to strike; to injure (with ב of object). Sabb.13b. Num. R. s. 14 אילו נ׳ באשתוכ׳ if he touched Potifars wife. Ib. (ref. to Koh. 8:5) שלא נ׳ בו הדבר the thing (the speech of the chief butler) did not harm him, v. נִגְעָה. Y.Peah VIII, 21a bot., a. e. נָגְעוּ בה, v. מַכָּה. Y.Yeb.I, end, 13b לא היוב״ש נוֹגְעִין בו the Shammaites would not take up the ease; a. v. fr.נוֹגֵעַ בעדות an interested witness. Snh.34a דמיחזי כנ׳ בעדותו he has the appearance of an interested witness. B. Bath.43a top אמאי נוֹגְעִין בעדותן הן why are they admitted to testify? Are they not interested witnesses? Kidd.43b; a. fr. 2) (v. Hif.) to arrive, to come to pass. Gen. R. s. 84 שעתידין הדברים לִיגַּע for these things (which Joseph dreamt) shall come to pass; Yalk. ib. 141. Hif. הִגִּיעַ 1) to reach; to become the property of; to obtain; to cause to reach. B. Mets. X, 5 הִגִּיעוּךָ they shall be thine. Arakh.VIII, 1; 3 (27a, sq.) הִגִּיעָתְךָ it is thine (Bab. ed. הִגַּעְתִּיךָ I let thee have it), i. e. thy offer is accepted; Tosef. ib. IV, 20 הִגַּעְתָּהוּ thou hast acquired it. Tosef.B. Bath.VI, 7, a. e. הִגִּיעוֹ it is his, i. e. he must pay for it. Y.Erub.III, 21a bot., a. e. הִגִּיעוּךָ סוף thou hast been made to reach the final conclusion, i. e. thou must admit, v. חָוַר. Ber.IX, 3 (54a) שהחינו וקיימנו והִגִּיעָנוּ לזמן הזה (Mish. ed. only שהחינו) who hast granted us life and sustenance and suffered us to reach this period. Pes.X, 6 כן … יַגִּיעֵנוּוכ׳ so may He allow us to reach ; a. v. fr.הַגַּע עצמך put thyself in the position, i. e. suppose. Y.Gitt.III, 44d, v. זָוַג; a. fr. 2) to arrive, to come to pass; to concern. Gen. R. l. c. שתחיית המתים מַגַּעַת בימיו that the resurrection of the dead will come to pass in his days. Ib. שהדברים מַגִּיעִים לבלההוכ׳ that these things concern Bilhah. Gitt.VIII, 3 כיון שה׳ לאוירוכ׳ as soon as the letter of divorce reaches the space over the roof. Ib. VII, 7 ה׳ לאנטיפטריס if he came as far as Antipatris. Num. R. s. 5 שלא יַגִּיעַ לכם כשם שה׳וכ׳ that the same may not happen to you as happened to the sons of Aaron. Ned.VIII, 2 עד שיגיע until the time (Passover) comes, opp. עד שיצא until it is passed; a. fr.Tosef.Toh.VI, 14 ומשהגיע, v. יָגַע. Hof. הוּגָּע to be brought to a condition. Zeb.88a, sq. הוּגְּעוּ למים Rashi (ed. במים, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 2) if they have come to such a condition as to need washing in water; הוגעו לנתר ואהל if they need cleansing with natron and aloes; (Yalk. Ex. 381 הוּגְעֲלוּ במים if they can be cleansed with, v. גָּעַל). Pi. נִיגֵּעַ (denom. of נֶגַע) to afflict with leprosy.Part. pass. מְנוּגָּע; f. מְנוּגַּעַת; pl. מְנוּגָּעִים; מְנוּגָּעוֹת. Neg. XIII, 9 מי שנכנס לבית המ׳ he who enters a house which is unclean on account of leprosy in the walls. Erub. VIII, 2 חצייה לבית המנ׳ half the time (required for consuming it) is the measure for the stay in a leprous house. Tosef.Neg.VI, 1 בית המנ׳ לא היהוכ׳ a case of a leprous house has never occurred Ib. אבנים מנ׳ stones from a leprous house; Snh.71a; a. e. Nithpa. נִתְנַגֵּעַ to be afflicted with leprosy. Ker.II, 3 מצורעשנ׳ נגעים הרבה a leper that had several attacks in succession (before being purified from the first); Tosef.Neg.IX, 7. Tosef.B. Mets. VIII, 30 המשכיר … וניתנ׳ if one rented a house to his neighbor, and it became leprous; Arakh.20b; a. fr.